知与非知--再论人工智能应用对教学主体的影响  

Knowing and Not-Knowing-On the Influence of Artificial Intelligence Application on Teaching Subject

作　　者：张务农[1] 汤洁 ZHANG Wunong;TANG Jie(Department of Education,Henan University,Kaifeng Henan 475004;Kaifeng Jiying Middle School,Kaifeng Henan 475004)

机构地区：[1]河南大学教育学部,河南开封475004 [2]开封市集英中学,河南开封475004

出　　处：《电化教育研究》2023年第3期36-43,共8页E-education Research

基　　金：河南省教育科学规划2023年度重大招标课题“义务教育优质均衡发展指标体系构建与应用路径研究”(课题编号:2023JKZB08)。

摘　　要：人工智能因其对人的模拟而成为一种能挑战人类主体性的工具,其对教学主体的影响理应成为教学主体理论研究关注的焦点。不过,现有研究主要从“知”的视角分析问题,认为人工智能帮助人知得越多,人就越能把握自身命运进而获得更多主体性。然而,从“非知”看,知存在着主体性的悖论,非知才是人的主体性的根本。文章主要以“非知”为观察视角,讨论人工智能对教学主体的影响。研究发现:(1)非知不仅是完全没有被对象化的主体意识,而且通过“要成为”使人不断地“总体化”,主体性也在这一过程中持续显现;(2)尽管人工智能在人的主体性实现过程中能发挥作用,但对人工智能的知的迷恋,以及人工智能对人的知的过程的替代都会限制人的主体性;(3)从非知理解人的主体性,能为教学主体理论的纷争提供一个合理的解决方案,进而发展教学主体理论,也能为人工智能时代教学主体理论的建立提供一种彻底的辩证唯物主义视角。Artificial intelligence has become a tool that can challenge human subjectivity because of its simulation of human beings,and its influence on teaching subject should be the focus in the theory of teaching subject.However,the existing research mainly analyzes the problem from the perspective of"knowing",and believes that the more artificial intelligence helps people know,the more people can control their own destiny and gain more subjectivity.However,from the perspective of"not-knowing",there is a paradox of subjectivity in knowing,and not-knowing is the basis of human subjectivity.This paper mainly discusses the influence of artificial intelligence on teaching subject from the perspective of"not-knowing".It is found that(1)not-knowing is not only a subject consciousness that is not objectified at all,but also a continuous"totalization"of the people through"to be",in which the subjectivity continuous to emerge.(2)Although artificial intelligence can play a role in the realization of human subjectivity,the obsession with the knowing of artificial intelligence and the substitution of artificial intelligence for the process of human knowing will limit human subjectivity.(3)Understanding human subjectivity in terms of non-knowing can provide a reasonable solution to the dispute over the theory of teaching subject,which in turn can develop the theory of teaching subject,and can also provide a thorough dialectical materialism perspective for the establishment of the theory of teaching subject in the era of artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：非知 教学主体 人工智能 主体哲学 教育技术哲学 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]