海上平台惯性导航技术发展现状与趋势  

Review and development of inertial navigation technology for maritime vehicles

作　　者：陈刚[1] 饶鑫[1] 朱永涛[1] 杜逸清 赵小明[1] CHEN Gang;RAO Xin;ZHU Yongtao;DU Yiqing;ZHAO Xiaoming(Tianjin Navigation Instrument Research Institute,Tianjin 300131,China)

机构地区：[1]天津航海仪器研究所,天津300131

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2023年第11期1902-1913,共12页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：高技术船舶科研项目(CB04N20).

摘　　要：随着海洋信息感知、资源勘探任务以及海工装备、无人航行器编队等海上平台的不断发展,惯性导航作为海上平台应用的一项关键技术,其使用方式日趋复杂,高精度惯性自主导航、惯性/水声/地球物理场匹配组合导航、全源导航等技术在海上应用深度与广度上不断发展。本文从海上平台对惯性导航技术的需求出发,分析了静电、光学、谐振陀螺惯性导航及其水声、重力匹配等组合导航技术特性、国外研究进展,对海上平台惯性导航技术未来发展趋势进行了分析和梳理,提出深海与无人平台是惯性技术需求发展重要方向,高精度自主导航、以惯性为核心的全源信息融合与协同智能导航将是技术发展主要方向。With the development of ocean information perception,resource exploration tasks,and maritime vehicles such as marine engineering equipment and multiple unmanned underwater vehicles,inertial navigation,a key technology of maritime vehicle applications,has become increasingly complex.High-precision inertial autonomous navigation,inertial/acoustic/geophysical field matching navigation,and all-source navigation are constantly developing in the depth and breadth of maritime applications.Starting from the demand of maritime vehicle applications for inertial navigation technology,this study analyzes the characteristics and research progress on the inertial navigation technology of ESG,RLG/FOG,and HRG and integrated navigation technology in aspects such as underwater acoustic matching and gravity matching.In addition,this study categorizes the future development trend of inertial navigation technology for maritime vehicles and proposes that deep-sea and unmanned platforms are important directions for the development of inertial technology demand.Furthermore,the high-precision autonomous navigation,all-source information fusion navigation technology with inertial navigation as its core and cooperative intelligent navigation will be the primary direction of technological development.

关 键 词：海上平台 惯性导航 陀螺仪 声学导航 地球物理场匹配 组合导航 自主导航 全源导航 协同导航 

分 类 号：U666.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]