德语国家职业教育与高等教育协同治理模式及启示  

The Collaborative Governance Model of Vocational Education and Higher Education in German-Speaking Countries and Its Inspiration

作　　者：周奕珺 李俊[2] 郑建萍[2] ZHOU Yijun;LI Jun;ZHENG Jianping

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学旅游学院 [2]同济大学职业技术教育学院

出　　处：《职教通讯》2024年第5期5-15,共11页Communication of Vocational Education

基　　金：2020年全国教育科学“十三五”规划课题“职业教育产教融合型城市建设的机制与路径研究”(项目编号:BJA200100);2019年度上海市社科规划一般课题“德国产业发展和职业教育的关系史研究(1945-2009)”(项目编号:2019BLS008)。

摘　　要：德语国家中德国、奥地利和瑞士的职业教育久负盛名,协同高等教育与职业教育发展是三个国家进入20世纪后应对内部优化与外部挑战作出的创新变革。在分析了德国双元制高等教育、奥地利高等职业学校以及瑞士应用科学大学建立和发展的历史背景、参与主体与协同路径基础上,厘清了三者分别代表“混合”“衔接”“升级”的协同形式,并总结了三种职业教育与高等教育协同发展模式,即区域自发合作模式、历史演变模式以及顶层设计模式。借鉴德奥瑞三国高等教育与职业教育不同的协同模式,建议我国发展高等职业教育应注重在人才培养目标上实现“高等性”与“职业性”的有机统一,在人才培养模式上兼顾市场发展与劳动者个体发展需求,在人才培养协同治理上构建多元主体的合作协商机制。Vocational education in Germany,Austria,and Switzerland,among the German-Speaking countries,has long been renowned.The collaborative development of higher education and vocational education is an innovative change made by these three countries in response to internal optimization and external challenges after entering the 20th century.On the basis of analyzing the historical background,participating entities,and collaborative paths of the establishment and development of dual higher education in Germany,Austrian vocational colleges,and Swiss University of Applied Sciences,this paper clarifies the collaborative forms of"mixing","connection",and"upgrading"represented by the three,and summarizes three modes of collaborative development between vocational education and higher education,namely regional spontaneous cooperation mode,historical evolution mode,and toplevel design mode.Drawing inspiration from the different collaborative models of higher education and vocational education in the three countries of Germany,Austria,and Switzerland,it is suggested that China's development of higher vocational education should focus on achieving an organic unity of"higher education"and"vocational education"in talent cultivation goals;balancing market development and individual development needs of workers in talent cultivation models;and constructing a multi-party cooperation and negotiation mechanism in talent cultivation collaborative governance.

关 键 词：职业教育 高等教育 协同治理 德语国家 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]