能力遮蔽、文凭排斥和身份符号:“第一学历现象”的社会学审思  

Capability Obscuration,Diploma Exclusion,and Identity Symbolism:The Sociological Reflection on the“First Degree Phenomenon”

作　　者：谢影 朱新卓[1] XIE Ying;ZHU Xinzhuo

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,武汉430074

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2024年第4期37-45,共9页University Education Science

基　　金：2019年教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“小学生参与度:理论基础、测量工具与影响因素研究”(19JHQ087)。

摘　　要：当前,部分用人单位在招聘过程中注重考察求职者首次获得的高等教育文凭,并据此给予区别对待,这被称为“第一学历现象”。这一现象屡见不鲜且难以根除,说明其背后有深刻的社会根源,这就需要从社会学的角度对此现象的根源和危害进行深入剖析。在教育系统培养、分流与筛选过程中,高考作为重要的选拔机制,根据学生的学习能力,将他们分配到不同层次的高等院校接受本科教育。于是,“第一学历”成为了评判学生能力的重要指标。用人单位偏好名校本科“第一学历”,并将其作为职业门槛,形成了基于名校本科学历的文凭排斥。这使得“第一学历”在社会互动中逐步演变为一种社会身份符号。“第一学历现象”不仅造成就业歧视,还加剧基础教育阶段升学竞争,加深高校间的等级分化,制约个体奋斗从而削弱教育公平,固化学历“出身”的符号标签进而形成社会排斥,等等。消除“第一学历现象”,需要通过立法反对“第一学历”就业歧视,构建大学生综合素质评价档案系统,营造社会公正用人环境。At present,some employers pay attention to the first higher education degree obtained by job seekers during the recruitment process and treat them differently based on this,which is called the“first degree phenomenon”.This phenomenon is common and difficult to eradicate,indicating that there are profound social roots behind it.This requires an in-depth analysis of the roots and harms of this phenomenon from a sociological perspective.In the process of training,diversion and screening in the education system,the college entrance examination serves as an important selection mechanism,assigns students to different levels of higher education institutions to receive undergraduate education based on their learning ability.Therefore,the“first degree”has become an important indicator for judging students'abilities.Employers prefer the“first degree”of undergraduates from prestigious universities and use it as a career threshold,forming a diploma exclusion based on undergraduate degrees from prestigious universities.This has gradually evolved the“first degree”into a social identity symbol in social interaction.The“first degree phenomenon”causes employment discrimination and intensifies the competition for advancement in the basic education stage,deepens the hierarchical differentiation between universities,restricts individual struggle and thus weakens educational equity,solidifies the symbolic label of educational“origin”,and forms social exclusion.The elimination of“first degree”phenomenon requires legislation against first degree discrimination,promoting the improvement of college students'employment files,strengthening government supervision,and promoting social inclusiveness.

关 键 词：教育公平 “破五唯” “第一学历现象” 学历歧视 就业歧视 

分 类 号：G40-052[文化科学—教育学原理] G640[文化科学—教育学]