区域内义务教育教师流动的政策选择及审思——基于北京市两种模式的比较分析  

Policy Selection and Reflection on Teacher Mobility in Compulsory Education:Based on the Comparative Analysis of Two Models in Beijing

作　　者：杜玲玲[1] 郝保伟[1] 郑磊[2] DU Lingling;HAO Baowei;ZHENG Lei(Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100036;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京教育科学研究院,100036 [2]北京师范大学教育学部(首都教育经济研究基地),100875

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2024年第9期27-33,共7页Educational Science Research

基　　金：2022年度北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目“新时代推动城乡义务教育一体化的资源空间配置优化研究”(YLXKPY-ZYSB202210)的成果之一。

摘　　要：教师流动是促进义务教育优质均衡发展的重要举措。北京市经过二十年的实践,形成了两种区域内教师流动模式,即各教育集团内部的柔性流动和全区内的刚性流动。优质教育资源丰富、集团化办学突出的区,采取集团内的柔性流动模式,通过各种配套的跨校研修政策促进薄弱校教师专业成长和质量提升,但并没有缩小区域内校际间师资配置差异。优质资源总量不足、集团化办学不突出的区,通过全区刚性流动,实现了校际间师资配置均衡,但很难通过流动普遍提升教师专业能力。通过对比分析,教师流动政策的顶层设计应该兼顾校际间师资配置均衡和教师专业发展两大政策目标,政策选择需要契合区域基础教育发展实际,将集团内柔性流动的政策重点落在“均衡”上,政策增量向薄弱校倾斜,同时以契约形式让教师的柔性流动更有保障;全区刚性流动的政策重点放在“优质”上,需要省(市)级统筹支持,让教师在流动中实现专业发展和学校质量提升。In the practice of nearly 20 years,Beijing has formed two patterns of teacher mobility within the district,namely,intra-educational group mobility and intra-regional mobility.The urban area is rich in high-quality education resources,and the flexible flow mode within the group promotes the professional growth and quality improvement of teachers in weak schools through various supporting cross-school training policies,but it does not narrow the inter-school differences in teacher allocation.The rigid flow mode in the suburbs has achieved a balanced allocation of teachers among schools,but it is difficult to generally improve the professional ability of teachers when the total amount of high-quality resources is insufficient.Through comparative analysis,the top-level design of teacher mobility should have both the two policy goals of inter-school teacher allocation balance and teacher professional development.Policy choices need to be in line with the actual development of regional basic education.The rigid flow of the whole district,focusing on"quality",allows teachers to achieve professional development and school quality improvement in the flow.The flexible flow within the group focuses on"balance",and the policy increment is tilted towards weak schools.At the same time,the flexible flow of teachers is more guaranteed through contracts.

关 键 词：义务教育 教师流动 区(县)管校聘 优质均衡发展 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]