拔尖创新人才培养的美国经验对教育强国建设的启示  

The Insights of American Experience in Cultivating Top-notch Innovative Talents for Building a Country with a Strong Education System

作　　者：黄维海[1] 陈海林[1] HUANG Weihai;CHEN Hailin(Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业教育》2024年第3期98-110,共13页China Agricultural Education

基　　金：南京农业大学教育教学改革重点项目“大学生学习投入与能力增值评价研究”(2021Z010)。

摘　　要：着力造就拔尖创新人才,建成教育强国是党的二十大提出的重要任务。以诺贝尔科学奖获得者作为拔尖创新人才的代表观察世界教育强国,二战后一半的获奖者毕业于美国大学,反映出美国大学世界一流的人才培养能力。以毕业生获诺贝尔科学奖人次最高的22所大学为观察对象,美国大学在三百多年发展历程中吸收英国大学自由教育和德国大学科学研究的传统,回应时代发展的重大需求,形成了投资未来而非奖励过去、注重非认知能力和全面心智发展等拔尖创新人才培养的特点。参考美国大学本土化改革、升级以及拔尖创新人才培养的经验,有助于建立起中国式现代化下的世界一流大学新版本和中国特色现代大学模式,有助于培养出具有世界水平的拔尖创新人才,达成教育强国建设目标。Cultivating exceptional innovative talents and aspiring to become a preeminent nation in education were key objectives set forth by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.By examining the educational prowess of leading countries,as exemplified by Nobel Prize winners as markers of outstanding innovative talent,it is noted that nearly half of these laureates have been alumni of American universities since World War II.This underscores the United States unparalleled capacity to foster innovative minds.Over their 300-year history,American institutions of higher learning have integrated the liberal arts tradition of British colleges with the scientific research ethos of German universities,adapting to the paramount needs of the era to achieve the zenith of American higher education post-World War II.The characteristics of cultivating top-notch innovative talents have formed,focusing on investing in the future rather than rewarding the past,emphasizing non-cognitive abilities,and the comprehensive development of the mind.Drawing on the experience of American universities in localized reform and elevation can aid in the establishment of a Chinese iteration of world-class universities and a modernized higher education model,thereby facilitating the development of world-caliber innovative talents.

关 键 词：拔尖创新人才培养 美国高等教育 非认知能力 批判性思维 创造性思维 

分 类 号：G53[文化科学—教育学]