初中语文语言能力培养的历史演进(1949-现今)——基于教学大纲、课程标准的分析  

Evolution of Chinese Language Ability Cultivation in Junior High School(1949-Present)——Based on Analysis of Teaching Syllabus and Curriculum Standards

作　　者：孙园园[1] SUN Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学嘉庚学院、两岸语言应用与叙事文化研究中心、厦门大学国家语言资源监测与研究教育教材中心,漳州363105

出　　处：《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期23-35,150,共14页Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家语委“十三五”科研规划2020年度重点项目“中小学语文教育中的语言能力研究”(ZDI135-128);国家语委“十四五”科研规划2023年度重点项目“统编语文教材语言学知识向语文知识转化策略研究”(ZDI145-78)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：语言能力培养是初中语文教育的核心重任。通过对中华人民共和国成立以来语文教学大纲、课程标准的综合考察,可以理清初中语文教育语言能力培养的演进脉络:在培养内容上,由读、写到读、写、听、说全面培养,语言技能的方法逐渐丰富,越发重视思维能力培养,语言知识地位起伏不定;在培养方式上,越发重视语言实践,语文要素间的关联程度逐步提升,语言能力培养梯度序列安排越来越受到重视。以往教学大纲、课程标准在语言能力培养上有不少经验值得借鉴,尤其是一些理念和主张,能够为当下乃至未来初中语文教育的发展带来有益的启发。但受主客观因素影响,也存在一些不足,尤其是在理念与实践之间,一直都存在或多或少的落差,许多原本科学合理的主张未能得到很好落实,值得当下思考。The cultivation of language ability is the core and important task of Chinese language education in junior high school.By examining the Chinese language teaching syllabus and curriculum standards after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,we aim to clarify the evolution of language ability cultivation in junior high school Chinese course.In terms of cultivation content,comprehensive training has been carried out from reading and writing to reading,writing,listening and speaking.Language skill methods have gradually become more diverse,and more emphasis has been placed on the cultivation of thinking ability.Language knowledge has fluctuated.In terms of cultivation methods,the past teaching syllabus and curriculum standards have placed more emphasis on language practice,and the degree of correlation between language elements has gradually increased.The emphasis on the gradient sequence of language ability training has also gradually increased.There are many experiences worth learning from the cultivation of language ability in the past syllabus and curriculum standards,especially some ideas and propositions,which can bring good inspiration to the present.However,it is also affected by subjective and objective factors,and there are some shortcomings,especially in many periods,there is a certain gap between the concept and the actual treatment,so that the original reasonable proposition has not been well implemented,which is worth thinking about right now.

关 键 词：初中语文教育 语言能力培养 教学大纲 课程标准 培养内容与方式 演变与启示 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学] G633.3[文化科学—教育学]