微波处理对三种淀粉结构及其理化特性的影响  

Effects of Microwave Treatment on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Three Kinds of Starches

作　　者：李佳钰 赵进龙 王雪纯 殷泽 王世鑫 翟爱华[1,2] LI Jiayu;ZHAO Jinlong;WANG Xuechun;YIN Ze;WANG Shixin;ZHAI Aihua(College of Food,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163000,China;National Coarse Cereals Technology Engineering Research Center,Daqing 163000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆163000 [2]国家杂粮技术工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆163000

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2024年第24期90-97,共8页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2100902)。

摘　　要：为探究微波处理对绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、籼米淀粉结构特性和理化性质的影响,以这3种淀粉为原料,探究微波处理对3种淀粉的直链淀粉含量、颗粒形貌、偏光特性、结晶结构、短程有序性、热特性、糊化特性以及凝沉性的影响。结果表明,微波处理后,绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、籼米淀粉的直链淀粉分别由原来的36.78%、40.29%、15.96%提高至45.49%、44.17%、27.78%。经微波处理后,3种淀粉的颗粒表面均有不同程度的裂痕和破损,且偏光十字半数以上消失。微波处理后的绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、籼米淀粉的晶型和官能团未发生改变,但淀粉的相对结晶度分别降低了7.03%、4.94%、5.32%,而且微波处理后3种淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、回生值、糊化焓值均显著降低(P<0.05)。微波后的绿豆淀粉和豌豆淀粉凝沉速度比籼米淀粉更快且稳定。以上结果表明,微波处理对3种淀粉的颗粒结构和理化性质均有显著影响。To investigate the effects of microwave treatment on the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of mung bean starch,pea starch and indica starch,three kinds of starch before and after microwave treatment were used as raw materials to explore the effects of microwave treatment on amylose content,particle morphology,polarization characteristics,crystallization structure,short-range order,thermal properties,gelatinization properties and retrogradation of three kinds of starch.The results showed that after microwave treatment,the amylose of mung bean starch,pea starch and indica starch increased from 36.78%,40.29%,15.96%to 45.49%,44.17%,27.78%,respectively.After microwave treatment,the granules of the three kinds of starch showed different degrees of cracks and damage,and more than half of the polarized cross disappeared.The crystal form and functional groups of mung bean starch,pea starch and indica starch after microwave treatment did not change,but the relative crystallinity of starch decreased by 7.03%,4.94%and 5.32%,respectively.After microwave treatment,the peak viscosity,valley viscosity,retrogradation value and gelatinization enthalpy of the three kinds of starch decreased significantly(P<0.05).The retrogradation rate of mung bean starch and pea starch after microwave treatment was faster and more stable than that of indica starch.The above results showed that microwave treatment had a significant effect on the particle structure and physicochemical properties of the three starches.

关 键 词：淀粉 微波处理 结构特性 理化特性 

分 类 号：TS231[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]