课堂教学中公共知识与个体知识:抵牾与融通  

Public Knowledge and Individual Knowledge in Classroom Teaching:Conflict and Integration

作　　者：周晶 ZHOU Jing(College of Education Science,Xinjiang Normal University)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐8830017

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2024年第34期59-64,共6页Theory and Practice of Education

摘　　要：课堂教学建立在对共识性知识的明确表达和传递之上,同时包含教师和学生个体的主观经验、热情和价值的参与。课堂教学中公共知识与个体知识的区别在于:公共知识的客观标准与个体主观性知识境遇的多变之间的差异,公共知识以结论性存在的符号体系与个体知识以“缄默”形式存在的内隐性体验之别,以及公共知识作为一种“共相”知识的可靠性和个体知识更新的现象化、周期化的差异。课堂教学中公共知识与个体知识存在明显抵牾,具体表现为教师过度追求公共性导致学生个体本位的缺席,公共知识教学对“个体我”的消解,互联网技术迅猛发展致使公共知识权威遭受挑战,丧失了信息系统的垄断性,进而遭遇个体知识的冲击。面对公共知识与个体知识的教学抵牾,要兼顾知识的“单一主体”和“复合主体”,促使学生“接受知识”与“发现知识”的统一,以非中心化的教学逻辑去促进知识主体的相互依存和对等参与,重新凝聚教学权威。Classroom teaching is based on the explicit expression and transmission of shared knowledge,while involves the subjective experience,enthusiasm,and values of both teachers and students.The distinctions between public knowledge and individual knowledge in classroom teaching lie in:the objective standards of public knowledge versus the variability of individual subjective knowledge;the existence of public knowledge in conclusive symbolic systems versus the implicit experiential form of individual knowledge;and the reliability of public knowledge as a form of“common”knowledge versus the phenomenal and periodical updates of individual knowledge.There is a clear conflict between public knowledge and individual knowledge in classroom teaching,manifested in teachers’excessive pursuit of publicness leading to the absence of individual perspectives,the dissolution of the“individual self”in public knowledge teaching,the rapid development of internet technology challenging the authority of public knowledge,which thus loses the monopoly of information systems leading to the subsequent impact of individual knowledge.Faced with the conflict between public knowledge and individual knowledge in teaching,it is necessary to promote the balance between the“single subject”and“composite subject”of knowledge,unify students’“acceptance of knowledge”and“discovery of knowledge”,and use a decentralized teaching logic to promote mutual dependence and equal participation of knowledge subjects,thus reestablishing teaching authority.

关 键 词：课堂教学 公共知识 个体知识 个体本位 知识主体 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]