通识教育抑或专业教育:中西方高等教育理念的嬗变及其启示  

Liberal Education or Professional Education:The Conversions of Educational Ideas in the West and China and Their Enlightenment

作　　者：张翼飞 张勇刚 郑莉[1] ZHANG Yifei;ZHANG Yonggang;ZHENG Li(Harbin Engineering University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《牡丹江大学学报》2024年第12期43-50,共8页Journal of Mudanjiang University

基　　金：教育部新文科研究与改革实践项目“‘政产学研’四维驱动,构建以‘经世致用’为导向的协同育人新机制研究”;黑龙江省教育教学改革研究项目“船海特色未来技术学院人文社科通识教育体系的设计与实践”(编号:SJGY20210187)。

摘　　要：近代以来,我国的高等教育在理念上一直存在着职业教育与通识教育的差异。中国古代的儒学教育是一种“教养”培育,西方的通识教育目的是培育“自由人”,在非功利性上两者有类似之处。在历史发展中,当代西方社会形成了通识教育与职业教育并行的高教体系。当前,我国对通识教育的理解仍有较大差异,高校各自的功能定位也不够明确,借鉴西方高等教育经验,探讨定位明确、层次清晰、功能全面、适应我国高等教育的理论体系。In recent times,there has been a difference between professional education and liberal education in the concept of higher education in China.Confucian education in ancient China was a kind of“corrective”cultivation,while liberal education in the West aims to cultivate“free men”,and there are similarities between the two in terms of non-utilitarianism.In the course of historical development,the contemporary West has formed a higher education system in which integrates liberal education and professional education.At present,there is still a big difference in our understanding of liberal education,and the function of each university is not clear enough.It’s vital to draw on the experience of western higher education,explore a theoretical system with a clear positioning,clear hierarchy,and comprehensive function to the higher education in China.

关 键 词：通识教育 专业教育 职业教育 大学理念 

分 类 号：G71[文化科学—职业技术教育学]