不同干燥方法对甘薯茎叶粉物化特性的影响  

Effect of Different Drying Methods on Physical Properties of Sweet Potato Leaf Powder

作　　者：宋振[1,2] 木泰华[1] 孙红男[1] 席利莎 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所农业部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京100193 [2]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《现代食品科技》2015年第5期255-261,共7页Modern Food Science and Technology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-11-B-19)

摘　　要：本试验研究了3种干燥方法(热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥及喷雾干燥)对五个品种甘薯茎叶粉(宁紫1号、徐053601、廊薯7-12、福薯2号和冀薯65)物化特性的影响,并采用主成分分析筛选甘薯茎叶粉物化品质评价指标。结果表明:不同干燥方法对甘薯茎叶粉的堆积密度、吸水指数、持油性和溶胀能力有显著性影响。经热风干燥的甘薯茎叶粉堆积密度最高,在0.54~0.67 g/cm3范围内;喷雾干燥后的甘薯茎叶粉吸水指数和持油性显著高于其他两种干燥方法,分别在13.73~17.40 g/g和3.0~5.0 g/g范围内,但溶胀能力显著低于另外两种干燥方法,仅为0.58~3.64 m L/g。主成分分析筛选出甘薯茎叶粉的物化品质评价指标分别为持油性、乳化活性、乳化稳定性和吸水指数;根据主成分分析结果筛选出最适宜制粉的甘薯茎叶品种为徐053601。综合考虑3种干燥方法对甘薯茎叶粉物化品质方面的影响,确定喷雾干燥为甘薯茎叶粉的最佳干燥方法。The effect of three different drying methods(hot-air drying, vacuum freeze-drying, and spray drying) on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato leaf powder from five cultivars(Ningzi No.1, Xu 053601, Lang Shu 7-12, Fushu No.2, and Jishu 65) were compared. Physicochemical quality evaluation indices for the powder samples were selected by principal component analysis. The results showed that the drying methods had significant influences on bulk density, water absorption, oil-holding capacity, and swelling capacity of sweet potato leaf powder. The highest bulk density was found in hot-air drying method and the values were in the range of 0.54 to 0.67 g/cm3. Spray-dried sweet potato leaf powder showed a higher water absorption index and oil-holding capacity, which were in the range of 13.73 to 17.40 and 3.0 to 5.0 g/g, respectively. However, the swelling capacity(only 0.58 to 3.64 m L/g) of spray-dried sweet potato leaf powder was significantly lower than that for the other two drying methods. The typical physicochemical quality evaluation indices for sweet potato leaf powder screened out by principal component analysis were oil-holding capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, and water absorption index. Xu 053601 was considered as the most suitable cultivar for preparing sweet potato leaf powder. In conclusion, spray drying was found to be the best method to prepare sweet potato leaf powder from those analyzed in this study.

关 键 词：热风干燥 真空冷冻干燥 喷雾干燥 甘薯茎叶粉 物化特性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]