真理与真诚——论苏格拉底的哲学教育学  

Truth and Sincerity:On Socrates'Philosophical Pedagogy

作　　者：王钧哲 陈治国(指导)[1] Wang Junzhe

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院 [2]加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校

出　　处：《思想与文化》2024年第1期347-363,共17页Thought & Culture

摘　　要：苏格拉底对什么样的人生值得过的问题的回答是否定性的——未经反省的人生不值得过,而反省的人生恰恰是一种追求智慧或者真理的人生。反诘法正是苏格拉底通往一种反省人生的哲学方法。在真理这个根本目标的指引下,该方法拥有着为己和为他的双重要求:一方面,对反诘法的践行本身是苏格拉底为了认识自己的目的。另一方面,旨在追求真理或者智慧的反诘法有着帮助他人认识自己的内在要求。正是在这种双重要求中,反诘法得以展开以让刺激对话者双方认识自己的具备遮诠性力量的“难题”出现;同时,难题具备对被动信念和习惯的解构性的同时,还具备了一种伦理建构性:使对话者保持真诚,以获得德性真理。Socrates'answer to the question of what kind of life is worth living is negative:an unexamined life is not worth living,but an examined life is precisely a life that pursues wisdom or truth.The method of elenchus is Socrates'philosophical approach to an examined life.Guided by the fundamental goal of truth,elenchus has the dual requirement of being for oneself and for others:on the one hand,the practice of elenchus is itself Socrates'aim to know himself,and on the other hand,elenchus,which aims at truth or wisdom,has the inherent requirement of helping others to know themselves.It is in this dual requirement that the elenchus unfolds in order to allow for the emergence of‘aporia'that have the power of negation to stimulate both interlocutors to know themselves;at the same time,the aporia possesses a deconstructive character of passive beliefs and habits,but also an ethical constructive character:it keeps the interlocutor sincere in order to obtain virtuous truths.

关 键 词：苏格拉底 反诘法 难题 哲学教育 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理] B502.231[文化科学—教育学]