白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)XG1对苹果上棒曲霉素产生菌的防治与抑菌特性  

Biocontrol and antifungal properties of Geotrichum candidum XG1 against patulin-producing bacteria on apple

作　　者：王婷雯 陈科伟[1,2,3,4] 杜木英 阚建全[1,2,3,4] WANG Tingwen;CHEN Kewei;DU Muying;KAN Jianquan(College of Food Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation(Chongqing),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chongqing 400715,China;Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学食品科学学院,重庆400715 [2]农业农村部农产品贮藏保鲜质量安全风险评估实验室,重庆400715 [3]中匈食品科学合作研究中心,重庆400715 [4]川渝共建特色食品重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2025年第6期67-74,共8页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0116500)。

摘　　要：棒曲霉(Aspergillus clavatus)和扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)能够导致苹果腐败并产生有毒次级代谢产物棒曲霉素(patulin,PAT),严重影响苹果加工产品品质,威胁食用者的健康。该研究旨在筛选能抑制病原菌生长和产毒的拮抗菌,并探究抑菌特性以及对苹果贮藏品质的影响。通过体内和体外实验,从供试菌株中筛选出1株拮抗菌白地霉XG1(Geotrichum candidum XG1),在体外对棒曲霉和扩展青霉的抑菌率分别78.07%和83.71%,在苹果上对棒曲霉和扩展青霉的抑菌率分别为54.66%和63.56%。此外,G.candidum XG1在不同基质(PDB、苹果汁和苹果)中均可强烈抑制病原菌产生PAT。研究表明提高拮抗菌浓度以及确保接种时间越早或接种次序优先于病原菌,有利于提高抑制效果。同时,G.candidum XG1对病原菌的主要抑菌方式可能是基于营养与空间的竞争,但仍需进一步研究。经过40 d贮藏实验,发现G.candidum XG1能够控制苹果自然腐败,对苹果品质无不良影响。综上可知,G.candidum XG1对苹果上的棒曲霉素产生菌具有良好的抑菌、控毒效果,具有巨大的应用前景。Aspergillus clavatus and Penicillium expansum can cause apple rot and produce the toxic secondary metabolite patulin(PAT),reducing the quality of processed apple products and posing a health risk to consumers.This study aimed to screen the biocontrol microorganism that could inhibit the growth and toxin production of deleterious fungi and to explore the antifungal properties and the effects on the storage quality of apples.Geotrichum candidum XG1 as a biocontrol microorganism was screened from the investigated strains that could inhibit the growth and toxin production of deleterious fungi by in vivo and in vitro experiments.Results showed that the growth inhibition rate of G.candidum XG1 against A.clavatus and P.expansum in vitro were 78.07%and 83.71%,respectively.Moreover,the growth inhibition rates on apples were 54.66%and 63.56%,respectively.Meanwhile,G.candidum XG1 strongly inhibited the production of PAT by deleterious fungi in different substrates(PDB,apple juice,and apples).The inhibition effect could be improved by increasing the concentration of biocontrol microorganisms and ensuring that the inoculation time was earlier or that the inoculation order was the priority over the deleterious fungi.Meanwhile,the primary inhibitory mechanism of G.candidum XG1 against deleterious fungi may be based on competition for nutrients and space,but this requires further investigation.The 40-day storage experiment showed that G.candidum XG1 could prevent the natural spoilage of apples and had no adverse effect on the quality of apples.In conclusion,G.candidum XG1 showed excellent antifungal and toxic control effects on patulin-producing fungi on apples,indicating promising future applications.

关 键 词：白地霉 棒曲霉 扩展青霉 生物防治 棒曲霉素 抑菌特性 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]