类黑精的分子结构特性及其食品应用研究进展  

Advances on Molecular Structural Properties and Food Applications of Melanoidins

作　　者：马薪 王俊 王子祯 郎繁繁 郑宇[1,2] 黄淑霞 夏婷 MA Xin;WANG Jun;WANG Zizhen;LANG Fanfan;ZHENG Yu;HUANG Shuxia;XIA Ting(State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control,College of Biotechnology,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Vinegar Fermentation Science and Engineering,Shanxi Zilin Vinegar Industy Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030400,China;State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]食品营养与安全国家重点实验室/天津市微生物代谢与发酵过程控制技术工程中心,天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300457 [2]食醋发酵科学与工程山西省重点实验室,山西紫林醋业股份有限公司,山西太原030400 [3]啤酒生物发酵工程国家重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《食品科技》2025年第1期232-240,共9页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：啤酒生物发酵工程国家重点实验室开放基金课题(K202302);食醋发酵科学与工程山西省重点实验室项目(20220401931002)。

摘　　要：类黑精是由美拉德反应生成的深褐色大分子物质,可以在食物热加工过程中获得,主要来源于咖啡、面包、饼干、食醋、啤酒等食品。类黑精分子结构中绑定了蛋白、多聚糖、多酚等物质,采用裂解结合质谱、核磁共振等技术,可得到类黑精中含有酰胺、吡咯、吡嗪、吡啶等结构单元。此外,类黑精还具有广谱的紫外吸收、较大荧光斯托克斯位移等光谱学特性。近年来利用食物来源的类黑精具有的天然、安全无毒、稳定性好等优点,以及自身的抗氧化、抗菌、肠道益生元、防紫外线等特性,将其应用于食品防腐剂、保鲜剂、健康食品等方面。文章对类黑精的分子结构特性以及在食品方面的应用现状进行综述,以期为类黑精在食品领域的创新研发和应用提供重要参考。Melanoidin is a complex macromolecular substance with a deep brown color,formed as a result of the Maillard reaction during food processing at high temperatures.It is commonly found in various food products such as coffee,bread,biscuits,vinegar,and beer.The molecular structure of melanoidin involves binding to proteins,polysaccharides,and polyphenols.Advanced analytical techniques including fragmentation-based mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance have been employed to elucidate the structural composition of melanoidin molecules,revealing the presence of structural units such as amide,pyrrole,pyrazine,and pyrimidine.In addition to,melanoidin exhibits notable spectroscopic properties including broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorption and significant fluorescence Stokes shift.In recent years,the natural,safe,non-toxic,stable and other advantages of food-derived melanoidins,as well as their own antioxidant activity,antimicrobial property,intestinal prebiotic,anti-ultraviolet and other properties,have been widely applied to food preservatives,fresh-keeping,health food and other aspects.This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the molecular structure characteristics of melanoidin while also highlighting its current applications within the realm of food science.By doing so it seeks to serve as a valuable reference for researchers engaged in innovative research endeavors related to the utilization of melanoidins within the food industry.

关 键 词：类黑精 分子组成 结构特性 食品 应用 

分 类 号：TS202.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]