日本科学教育特点及启示  

The Characteristics and Inspiration of the Development of Science Education in Japan

作　　者：王太军 靳钰洁 胡卫平[2] WANG Taijun;JIN Yujie;HU Weiping(Department of Education,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070 Gansu;The Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology of the Ministry of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学教育学部,甘肃兰州730070 [2]陕西师范大学现代教学技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2025年第3期67-80,共14页Basic Education Review

基　　金：教育部教育管理信息中心2023年度国外教育研究委托课题“科学教育国际比较研究其数据库建设”(编号:MOE-CIEM-20230011);全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题“初中学生跨学科实践能力测评与培养路径研究”(编号:DHA230405)。

摘　　要：当今激烈的国际竞争,使科学教育在人才培养中扮演了愈发重要的角色。诸多国家积极探索高质量科学教育的发展模式,其中日本的实践经验尤为值得关注。通过对日本科学教育体系的深入剖析发现,日本通过《理科教育振兴法》与《科学技术基本法》等立法,确立了科学教育的法律基础,并强调社会、家庭与学校间的协同合作。在实施方面,日本以科学素养培养为核心,构建了连贯的课程体系,注重跨学科学习,并推动科学教育从单纯的知识传授向培养学生科学学习方法转变。此外,通过实施“综合学习时间”课程致力于培养学生的科学创新思维与实践技能。对于我国科学教育而言,可以加强国家立法保障、推进全域性支持体系建设以及实现科学教师培养一体化,推动科学教育高质量发展,以培育更多的优秀科学创新人才。In today’s fierce international competition,science education plays a crucial role in the cultivation of human resources.Many countries are actively exploring the development model of high-quality science education,and the practical experience of Japan is particularly noteworthy.An in-depth analysis of Japan’s science education system reveals that Japan has established the legal basis for science education through legislation such as the Science Education Promotion Act and the Basic Act on Science and Technology,and emphasized the synergy among society,families and schools.In terms of implementation,Japan has constructed a coherent curriculum centered on scientific literacy,focusing on interdisciplinary learning and promoting a shift in science education from the mere transmission of knowledge to the cultivation of scientific learning methods.In addition,through the implementation of the‘period of integrated study’,it is committed to cultivating students’innovative thinking and practical skills in science.For science education in China,it is possible to strengthen national legislative guarantees,promote the construction of a global support system and realize the integration of science teacher training,so as to promote the high-quality development of science education and cultivate more outstanding scientific and innovative talents.

关 键 词：日本 科学教育 科学教育制度 科学课程体系 师资培养 

分 类 号：G531.3[文化科学—教育学]