教育强国视域下的基础教育学制改革探析  

An Analysis of Basic Education System Reform from the Perspective of Strengthening Education

作　　者：肖煜 靳天宇 刘惠琴[1,2] Xiao Yu;Jin Tianyu;Liu Huiqin(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,深圳518055

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第5期86-95,共10页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向未来产业创新发展的教育、科技和人才协同发展机制研究”(24&ZD175)。

摘　　要：建设教育强国,基点在基础教育。本文通过纵向历史梳理与横向国际比较,发现我国基础教育学制历经百年演变,整体上呈现出从模仿到探索、再到稳定的演进脉络。国际比较显示,世界基础教育学制发展趋势包括缩短小学教育年限、延长义务教育时间、加强学段衔接、采取多轨并行、增加弹性学制,纳入职业预备阶段。当前,我国学制仍存在学制过度分段、义务教育时间未完全覆盖基础教育学制、学段衔接不足等问题。为破解这一困境,本文提出基础教育学制改革应遵循四大原则:一是遵循学生身心发展规律;二是落实立德树人根本任务;三是服务国家战略需求;四是顺应人工智能时代发展。基于上述分析,本文主张实行“五五(二)”或“十(二)”学制,将基础教育缩短至十年,并将义务教育覆盖整个基础教育阶段。在“五五”或“十年”的基础教育后,引入两年非强制性的弹性缓冲期,引导学生进行职业探索,以提高教育效率和质量,满足社会对高素质人才的需求。Building an education powerhouse lies in basic education.Through a longitudinal historical review and cross-national comparisons,this study finds that China’s basic education system has evolved over the past cen-tury,following a trajectory from imitation to exploration and ultimately to stabilization.International comparisons in-dicate that the development trends in basic education systems worldwide include shortening the duration of primary education,extending the period of compulsory education,strengthening the articulation between educational stages,adopting multi-track systems,increasing flexibility in education system,and incorporating pre-vocational training.Currently,China’s education system still faces issues such as excessive segmentation of educational stages,the in-complete alignment of compulsory education with the basic education system,and insufficient articulation between educational stages.To address these challenges,this study suggests that the reform of the basic education system should adhere to principles that align with students’physical and mental development,fulfill the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education,serve the strategic needs of the nation,and adapt to the advancements of the artifi-cial intelligence era.As a reform proposal,the study advocates for the adoption of a“5+5(+2)”or“10(+2)”educa-tion system.This model reduces the current twelve-year duration of basic education to ten years,extends the nine-year compulsory education period to cover the entire basic education system,and incorporates a two-year non-com-pulsory transition period to guide students in exploring their future careers.This approach aims to enhance education-al efficiency and quality,thereby meeting societal demands for high-caliber talent.

关 键 词：基础教育 学制改革 教育强国 义务教育 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]