学科型,还是行动导向型?——基于中高职教材分析的职业院校课程类型的实证研究  

Discipline-oriented or Action-oriented?:Empirical Study on Curriculum Types of Vocational Schools Based on Textbook Analysis of Secondary and Higher Vocational Education

作　　者：欧阳河 Ouyang He(Hunan Academy of Educational Sciences,Changsha 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省教育科学研究院,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《职教论坛》2025年第4期46-54,共9页Journal of Vocational Education

摘　　要：以中职、高职、职教本科三个层次共90种教材为样本,构建“学科—行动导向”双维度编码框架,对职业院校课程的属性差异及演化规律展开系统分析。研究结果表明:我国职业院校课程并非单纯的行动导向型或学科型,而是呈现出以“学科逻辑为基础、行动导向为主体”的混合模式,且在课程层次、专业类别与课程类别间存在显著差异。具体而言,在课程层次方面,中职教材的行动导向占比为63.4%,高职专科教材学科导向占比回升至54.1%,职教本科教材的学科型导向占比为48.9%;在课程类别方面,公共基础课教材的学科导向占比达78.6%,专业核心课教材的行动导向占比为67.9%。此外,行动导向教材存在跨学科整合度不足的问题,而学科型教材的职业情境嵌入方面存在结构性缺失。基于此,提出“双链—互嵌模型”,旨在破解传统职业教育课程体系中“知识本位”与“技能至上”的二元对立困境,为技术技能人才的全面发展提供解决方案,助力职业教育课程体系的优化与完善。Based on the samples of ninety textbooks from secondary vocational schools,vocational colleges,and vocational undergraduate universities,this research constructed a two dimensional coding framework of discipline-action orientation.It systematically analyzed the attributes and evolution patterns of vocational curriculum.Research findings indicate that Chinese vocational curricula are neither purely actionoriented nor discipline-oriented.They are mixed as disciplinary logic as the basis,and action-oriented as the main body.Furthermore,there are significant differences in various course levels,majors,and categories.Specifically,63.4%of the secondary vocational textbooks are actionoriented.The percentage of higher vocational textbooks which are discipline-oriented rises to 54.1%.The percentage of vocational colleges’discipline-oriented textbooks is 48.9%;78.6%of the general education curricula are discipline-oriented,and 67.9%of the core curricula of the major are action-oriented.Additionally,there is an issue of insufficient interdisciplinary integration in action-oriented textbooks,while discipline-based textbooks exhibit structural deficiencies in embedding vocational contexts.Therefore,this research proposes a double chaininter embedded model in order to tackle the dilemma between knowledge-based and skill-first in the traditional vocational curriculum system,providing a solution for the comprehensive development of technical and skilled talents.

关 键 词：职业教育 课程类型 学科逻辑 行动导向课程 教材分析 实证研究 

分 类 号：G714[文化科学—职业技术教育学]