supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2307700);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A20811 and 82341038);the Program Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of China Agricultural Research System(No.SCCXTD-2025-18);the 111 project(No.B18035);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
Metal ions play critical roles in many immune processes,and their modulation may open up new forms of vaccine adjuvants.Current vaccines predominantly utilize aluminum salts as adjuvants,but alum has poor ability to i...