惰行和制动工况下重载列车曲线通过数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation on Curve Negotiating of Heavy Haul Train under Idling and Braking Conditions

作　　者：杨亮亮[1] 罗世辉[1] 傅茂海[2] 许自强[3] 周尚书 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031 [3]中国铁道科学研究院机车车辆研究所,北京100081 [4]南车北京二七车辆有限公司制动设备组,北京100072

出　　处：《铁道学报》2015年第11期52-57,共6页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51005190)

摘　　要：为了研究重载列车在惰行和制动工况下通过曲线时的轮轨接触特性,采用数值方法建立单自由度车辆和全自由度车辆混合的列车动力学模型,对比分析了惰行和制动工况下列车曲线通过时的运行安全性、车轮磨耗分布特征、轮轨滚动阻力特性影响。结果表明:考虑车钩负载效应和闸瓦贴靠车轮作用的列车模型在曲线制动工况下的轮轨横向力和脱轨系数指标均比惰行工况时略差,但轮重减载率指标几乎相当;由于制动时闸瓦压力增大了轮对的摇头约束,导致通过曲线时导向车轮磨耗功率的动态分布区域比惰行时更靠近轮缘处;制动工况下的牵引比率随曲线曲度线性变化的范围比惰行工况时大,且随着制动强度的增大,牵引比率也逐渐增大。In order to study the characteristics of wheel-rail contact of heavy haul train negotiating curve route under idling and braking conditions, train dynamic models mixed with single DOF and full DOF were built using numerical method. Running safety, wheel wear distribution and wheel-rail rolling resistance characteristics of heavy haul train during curve negotiating under idling and braking conditions were analyzed contrastively. The results indicated that the lateral wheel-rail force and derailment factor in train model passing through a curve with coupler load effects and the effects of brake shoe pressing on wheels under braking condition were larger than those under idling condition, while the wheel unloading rate remained basically the same under the two running conditions. The yawing constraint of the wheelset was enhanced with the pressure of brake shoes during braking, causing the dynamic distribution area of guide wheel wear power to be closer to the flange, compared with the idle running condition. The scope of traction ratio linearly changing with the degree of curve under braking condition was larger than that under idling condition. The traction ratio was gradually increasing with the increase of the braking strength.

关 键 词：重载列车 曲线通过 惰行 制动 蠕滑力 牵引比率 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程]