论我国传统考试制度变革的历史逻辑  

The Historical Logic of Evolution of Chinese Traditional Examination System

作　　者：李功连[1] LI Gong-lian(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Luoyang Normal College,Luoyang 471934,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳师范学院文学院

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第4期105-111,共7页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学2014年度课题(CHA140177)

摘　　要：作为最重要的教育评价方式,我国传统的考试制度大体上可以分成荐举和科举两种模式,荐举经历了从先秦选举制到两汉察举制再到魏晋九品中正制的演变,科举经历了从隋唐分科取士到明清八股取士的演变。考试制度变革折射了社会发展的历史逻辑,符合“小成本大收益”的经济效益原则,专制社会追求政治民主化的群体心理补偿机制和实用理性文化支配下“无为”的知识控制。As the most important way of education evaluation,China's traditional examination systems can be divided into two kinds of models--the recommendation system and the imperial examination system.The former experiencs the evolution from the election system in the pre-Qin dynasty to the recommendatory system in the Han dynasty and the nine-rank official system in the Wei and Jin dynasties.The latter experience the evolution from selecting officials based on the depart-mentalization in the Sui and Tang dynasties to selecting officials based on the eight-part essay examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The reform of examination system reflects the historical logic of social development and accords with the economic benefit principle of“making the largest profits with the smallest investment”,the group psychological compensation mechanism of pursuing political democratization in autocratic society and the knowledge control of“doing nothing and letting things take their own course”under the domination of practical rational culture.

关 键 词：考试制度 历史逻辑 荐举 科举 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]