二战后英国教师职前教育政策的三次转折与启发  

Three Transitions and Enlightenment of British Initial Teacher Education Policies after World WarⅡ

作　　者：赵敏[1] ZHAO Min(Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou Henan 450044)

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2020年第2期94-101,共8页Modern Education Management

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划课题“新时代研究生导学关系研究”(BIA190168)。

摘　　要：二战后,在政治、经济、人口等因素作用下,英国教师职前教育政策发生了三次转折:教师培养规模紧缩与机构重组;教师培养课程认证与培养途径的革新;合格教师资格标准的制定与实施。在三次转折过程中,教师职前教育政策从关注教师培养规模转向关注教师培养质量;从强调教师职前教育课程的理论性转向实践性;从强调大学对教师职前教育的引领作用转向促使中小学更多承担教师职前教育职责;英国中央政府逐渐增强对教师职前教育的控制并将教师职前教育作为教师专业发展的起点。二战后英国教师职前教育政策转折的内在机制隐含着政策变化的渐进性和连续性,有助于实现政策的适时性、适度性、适用性。通过研究,我们能够更加深入理解二战后英国教师职前教育政策发展的总体趋势,从提高教师教育机构办学层次和教师学历层次、增强教师职前教育的实践性、促进教师终身教育发展等方面探索我国教师职前教育的改革思路。After World WarⅡ,under the influence of politics,economy,population and so on,British initial teacher education policy turned for three times:the contraction of teacher training scale and restructuring of institutions;the certification of teacher training curriculum and training channels innovation;the formulation and implementation of qualified teacher status.In the three transition processes,initial teacher education policy has changed from focusing on the scale of teacher training to focusing on the quality of teacher training;from emphasizing the theoretical nature of initial teacher education curriculum to practice;from emphasizing the leading role of universities in initial teacher education to promoting primary and secondary schools to undertake more responsibilities of initial teacher education;the British central government has gradually strengthened the control of initial teacher education and taken initial teacher education as the starting point of teachers’professional development.After the Second World War,the internal mechanism of the transition of British initial teacher education policy implies the gradual and continuous change of policy,which helps to realize the timeliness,moderation and applicability of the policy.Through research,we can better understand the general trend of the development of British initial teacher education policy after World WarⅡ,and explore the reform ideas of Chinese initial teacher education from the aspects of improving teacher education institution and teacher degrees,enhancing the practicality of initial teacher education and promoting the development of lifelong education of teachers.

关 键 词：英国教师 职前教育 教育政策 规模扩张 能力本位 学校本位 教师资格标准 

分 类 号：G659[文化科学—教育学]