初中生科学推理能力在物理学科的表现与影响  

The Performance and Factors Influencing Junior High School Students'Scientific Reasoning Ability in Physics

作　　者：王晶莹 陈雨晴 杜蕾[3] 江润杰 刘文科 高守宝[5] WANG Jingying;CHEN Yuqing;DU Lei;JIANG Runjie;LIU Wenke;GAO Shoubao(Institute of International and Comparative,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China;College of Physical Science and Technology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079,China;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China;Normal College,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;School of Physics and Electronics,Shandong Normal University,Jinan,250358,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875 [2]华中师范大学物理科学与技术学院,武汉430079 [3]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [4]青岛大学师范学院,青岛266071 [5]山东师范大学物理与电子科学学院,济南250358

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2024年第7期135-146,共12页Global Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“十四五”重大项目“中国教育经验的国际传播研究”(项目编号:22JJD880007)的研究成果。

摘　　要：科学推理作为科学思维的核心内容,是学生高阶思维的关键组成部分。本文通过综述科学推理能力的测评工具与影响因素,构建学习品质、科学认同、学习行为、资源支持、家校氛围、教师教学对科学推理能力的影响路径模型。以科学推理的八个关键技能即问题识别、问题提出、假设生成、实验设计与搭建、证据生成、证据评价、得出结论、沟通与审查作为维度,构建初中生科学推理能力测评框架,并将各维度划分为四级水平,以初中物理知识“串联电路中的电流大小”为内容,编制科学推理能力测试题,对初三学生科学推理能力进行测评,阐释现状和影响路径,并对基于科学推理的高阶思维课程实践提出建议。Scientific reasoning,lying at the core of scientific thinking,constitutes a key component of students'higherorder thinking.This article reviews the evaluation tools and factors influencing students'scientific reasoning ability.The article also constructs a path model that includes influencing factors such as learning quality,scientific identification,learning behavior,resource support,homeschool atmosphere,and teaching.Based on the eight key skills of scientific reasoning,namely,problem identification,problem formulation,hypothesis generation,experimental design and construction,evidence generation,evidence evaluation,conclusion drawing,communication and review,a framework for evaluating the scientific reasoning ability of junior high school students is constructed.Each dimension is divided into four levels,and a test question for scientific reasoning ability is developed with the content of“current size in series circuits”in junior high school physics knowledge.The scientific reasoning ability of junior high school students is evaluated,the current situation and impact path are explained,and suggestions are proposed for the implementation of highorder thinking courses based on scientific reasoning.

关 键 词：初中生 科学推理能力 物理学科 能力表现 

分 类 号：G633.7[文化科学—教育学]