鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽抗冻活性及其作用机制  

Anti-freeze Activity of Cod Skin Collagen Peptide and Its Mechanism of Action

作　　者：梁嘉健 陈秀娟 韩梅 谭明堂 陈忠琴 张静 曹文红[1,2,3] LIANG Jiajian;CHEN Xiujuan;HAN Mei;TAN Mingtang;CHEN Zhongqin;ZHANG Jing;CAO Wenhong(Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen Research Institute,Shenzhen 518120,China;College of Food Science and Technology,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学深圳研究院,广东深圳518120 [2]广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东湛江524088 [3]广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2024年第5期115-124,共10页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：深圳市科技计划(JCYJ20220530162011026)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究鳕(Gadus)鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的抗冻活性,并探究其作为抗冻剂对鱼糜抗冷冻变性的作用机制。【方法】测定鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的分子质量分布及其热滞活性判断其抗冻活性;在乌鳢(Channa argus)鱼糜中添加质量分数0.5%、1.0%、3.0%鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽,反复5次冻融,测定鱼糜中肌原纤维蛋白的蛋白浓度、总巯基含量、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活力及其二级、三级结构变化,以及反复冻融循环鱼片的水分分布变化及其微观结构,探究其作用机制。【结果】鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽分子质量主要分布在1000~3000 u,热滞活性为1.9℃,其能减小肌原纤维蛋白的粒径,防止蛋白质聚集。经质量分数1.0%鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽处理的冷冻鱼糜具有较高的肌原纤维蛋白浓度、Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活力和总巯基含量。此外,在鱼糜5次冻融循环过程中,鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽能维持肌原纤维蛋白的二级和三级结构的稳定,阻止蛋白质发生冷冻变性,同时能调节冰晶大小,减少冰晶对鱼肉造成的机械力损伤,提高鱼糜的持水能力。【结论】鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽可作为无磷抗冻剂用于鱼糜的抗蛋白冷冻变性,本研究结果为新型、安全、高效的鳕鱼胶原蛋白肽无磷抗冻剂的开发提供了重要的基础数据。【Objective】To study the antifreeze activity of cod(Gadus)skin collagen peptide,and to explore the mechanism of anti-freezing denaturation of surimi as an antifreeze.【Methods】The antifreeze activity of cod skin collagen peptide was determined by measuring its molecular weight distribution and thermal hysteresis activity(THA).The protein concentration,total sulfhydryl content,Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity and secondary and tertiary structure changes of myofibrillar protein in Channa argus surimi were determined by adding 0.5%,1.0%and 3.0%cod skin collagen peptide to the surimi and by freezing and thawing the surimi for five times.And the changes of water distribution and microstructure of fish fillets were determined after repeated freeze-thaw cycles,the antifreeze activity of cod skin collagen peptide was analyzed,and its mechanism was explored.【Results】The molecular weights of cod skin collagen peptides were mainly distributed in 1000―3000 u,and the thermal hysteresis activity was 1.9℃,and they were able to reduce the particle size of myofibrillar protein and prevent protein aggregation.Frozen surimi treated with 1.0%cod skin collagen peptides had high myofibrillar protein concentration,Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity,and total sulfhydryl content.In addition,during the 5 freeze-thaw cycles of surimi,cod skin collagen peptide was able to maintain the stability of the secondary and tertiary structure of the myofibrillar protein,which prevented the protein from undergoing freeze denaturation,and at the same time,it was able to regulate the size of ice crystals,reduce the mechanical force damage caused by ice crystals to the fish flesh,and improve the water holding capacity of surimi.【Conclusion】Cod skin collagen peptide can be used as a phosphorus-free antifreeze to resist protein freezing denaturation in surimi.The results of this study provide important basic data for developing cod collagen peptide into a new,safe and efficient phosphorus-free antifreeze.

关 键 词：胶原蛋白肽 抗冻活性 鳕鱼皮 鱼糜 水分迁移 

分 类 号：TS254.9[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]