推进科学教育综合化实施:法国科学教育改革的经验与启示  

Promoting the Integrated Implementation of Science Education:Experience and Implications of Science Education Reforms in France

作　　者：郭习佩 王宁[1] 窦赏 胡卫平[1,2] GUO Xipei;WANG Ning;DOU Shang;HU Weiping(MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062;Shaanxi Normal University Branch,Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University,Xi’an 710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学现代教学技术教育部重点实验室,西安710062 [2]中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,西安710062

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2025年第2期12-24,共13页Basic Education Review

基　　金：教育部教育管理信息中心教育管理与决策研究服务专项2023年度委托课题“科学教育国际比较研究及其数据库建设”(编号:MOE-CIEM-20230011)。

摘　　要：经过近30年的科学教育改革,法国已经形成了一套以跨学科与实践性为核心特征的科学教育系统,并在多个方面呈现出鲜明特征。在政策体系方面,法国将科学教育纳入立法,并设置“共同基础”以增强不同学科与不同学段之间的一致性与连贯性。在课程设置方面,法国从幼儿园到高中均设置了专门的综合性科学课或物理化学、生命与地球科学等跨学科课程;在教师培养方面,结合不同学段学生的认知发展特征,设置多样化的跨学科教师资格证,同时通过硕士准入制度提升科学教师队伍的学历与素养;在教育评价方面,关注学生的日常表现评价,并将评价结果灵活应用于指导教学。法国科学教育的经验对我国科学教育在政策保障、学科指导、教师培养等方面的发展具有重要启示。After nearly 30 years of science education reform,France has successfully established a vertically coherent science education system,with interdisciplinary approaches serving as its fundamental principle.And it exhibits distinctive characteristics in many aspects.In terms of the policy system,France has incorporated science education into legislation.Moreover,“common ground”has been set up to enhance the consistency and coherence of curriculum across diverse disciplines and student populations.Regarding the curriculum,spanning from kindergarten to high school,special integrative science courses or interdisciplinary courses are set up,such as physical chemistry,life and earth science.For teacher development,France has established a range of multidisciplinary qualifications,aligning with the cognitive development needs of students across different age groups.Additionally,the nation has implemented a master’s admission system to enhance the academic qualifications and caliber of science teachers.Concerning educational evaluation,France pays greater emphasis on the assessment of students’daily performance,leveraging the evaluation results to inform teaching practices.The experience of France has important implications for the development of science education in China in the aspects of policy guarantee,discipline guidance,teacher training,and so on.

关 键 词：法国 科学教育 科学课程 教师培养 教育评价 

分 类 号：G471[文化科学—教育学]