如何培养高质量职业教育师资?——德国本硕连读课程模式及其启示  

How to Train High-quality Vocational Teachers?-The Analysis and Enlightenment of the Course Mode of German Undergraduate and Master's Continuous Curriculum

作　　者：毛菊[1,2] 夏冬梅 MAO Ju;XIA Dongmei(School of Education Science,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China;Xinjiang Teacher Education Research Center,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China;Vocational Ability Development Research Center,Chongqing University of Engineering,Chongqing 400056,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆师范大学新疆教师教育研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [3]重庆工程学院职业能力发展研究中心,重庆400056

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2025年第1期118-128,共11页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2019年度教育学一般课题“新时代教师领导力提升路径的国际比较研究”(课题批准号:BDA190071)。

摘　　要：职业教育作为与新质生产力紧密相连的教育类型,对经济社会发展至关重要。职教师资作为其核心要素直接关涉人才培养质量。然而,当前我国职教师资培养的课程设置存在系列问题。德国的三种主流本硕连读课程模式为这些问题的解决提供了启示。连续型课程模式,旨在培养职教师范生实践反思能力、形成阶梯式技术与实践融合的课程;补充型课程模式,旨在打造职教师范生的跨学科能力、形成专业技术与跨学科能力融合的课程;混合型课程模式,旨在培养跨界-研究能力、形成跨学科知识与研究导向的课程。这些课程模式虽有差异,但突出体现了职业导向性、实践融合性、灵活适应性。借鉴德国的课程模式,我国职教师资培养应注重“构建‘立交桥’式课程”“凸显实践性”“提升兼容性”“人文性”,从而培养职教教师的适应性。Vocational education,as an educational type closely linked to emerging productive forces,holds vital importance for economic and social development.Vocational education teachers,as its core element,are directly related to the quality of talent cultivation.However,there exist a series of problems in the curriculum design for vocational education teacher training in China.Three mainstream undergraduate-to-master's consecutive course models in Germany provide insights for addressing these issues.The Consecutive Model aims to cultivate vocational teachers'practical reflection abilities and form a stepped integration of technology and practice in education.The Top-up Model is designed to foster interdisciplinary capabilities among vocational teacher candidates,shaping an education that integrates professional skills with interdisciplinary competencies.The Blended Model aims to cultivate cross-sectoral research capabilities,forming an education that enhances research abilities through cross-sectoral integration.Although these course models differ,they prominently embody career orientation,practical integration,and flexible adaptability.Drawing from Germany's course models,China's vocational education teacher training should focus on constructing an interconnected curriculum,emphasizing practicality,enhancing compatibility and humanity,thereby cultivating the adaptability of vocational education teachers.

关 键 词：德国 职业技术师范教育 课程模式 本硕连读 职教师范生 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学] G516[文化科学—教育学]