“教化”的启蒙困境与美学方案  

The Enlightenment Dilemma and Aesthetic Path of“Education”

作　　者：卢春红[1,2] Lu Chunhong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学动态》2025年第3期126-142,176,共18页Philosophical Trends

摘　　要：“教化”概念出现于18世纪的思想世界,既代表了传统思想中人性教化观念的现实化诉求,也是近代思想主体转向后的必然结果:由“对于人性”的教化到“通向人性”的教化,教化以自我造就的方式融入人性,对人性概念的解说即是对教化过程的阐明。在这一探索过程中,“如何处理人性中感性与理性之间的张力关系”构成了启蒙教化的理论困境,并由此呈现了张力背后的理性视角。康德将“人是什么”的追问与美学相关联,开启的则是人性教化的新方向。在这一由美学路径而来的人性探索中,康德对“诸能力的自由游戏”的解说所呈现的还只是先验意义上的合目的性的“形式”,席勒则通过“游戏冲动”将审美状态与现实化的动力相关联。由此,“人性”内涵不仅因客观化的诉求而成为“活的形象”,而且在现实化的呈现中指向“完全意义上的人”,教化作为人性之“完满实现”的历史性维度正是经由后者而得以彰显。As the core concept of the 18th century intellectual world,the connotations of education incorporate two levels:form and formation.As form,education refers to the ideal sense of human nature that it intends to inculcate.As formation,it reveals the essence of modern thought,which is aimed at shaping and nurturing people in the actual world of activity.Looking back at previous ideas about education since modern times,there is an important link in the shift from a focus on the practical content of secular life to examinations of various subjective abilities within the subject.Considerations of real human nature provides another necessary condition for educational thought,because only by implementing the focus on ideal human nature in real life can we present the deeper significance of formation and cultivation by employing the concept of education.However,the subjective dimension allows education to play a true role for displaying itself.Because education is involved in the cultivation of natural human talent,it allows a person to break free from limitations by shaping the various abilities of human nature,thereby to achieve a universal state,especially when the inner demands of enlightenment are integrated into it,and this is the path of education guided by enlightenment.Thus,the education of human nature fundamentally demonstrates the process of individuals shaping themselves through themselves.However,if the presentation of the characteristics of different mental abilities is taken as the starting point of education,and if the goal of education is to achieve a state of freedom through the coordination of various abilities,then education is not only education of human nature,but also education towards human nature.As education of human nature,education can focus on cultivating different abilities in human nature,but once it turns to the education towards human nature,then the main direction of education is to the various abilities of the soul that can reach a coordinated state.However,it is precisely through the c

关 键 词：教化 人性 启蒙 活的形象 游戏冲动 

分 类 号：B504[哲学宗教—外国哲学] G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]