supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700 and 2019YFA0210600);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972107 and 22309048);the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ40121);the Major Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JC0006)。
The successive I^(–)/I^(0)/I^(+)redox couples in the four-electron zinc-iodine aqueous battery(4eZIB)is plagued by the instability of the electrophilic I~+species,which could either be hydrolyzed or be neutralized by...