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Botulinum toxin is a potent neuromodulator commonly used for cosmetic applications in the clinic.In this article,we reviewed the various formulations of botulinum toxin type A commercially available in the United Stat...
This study was supported by NIMH BRAIN Initiative (F32 MH115431)
Cancer is a systemic disease. In order to fully understand it, we must take a holistic view on how cancer interacts with its host. The brain monitors and responds to natural and aberrant signals arriving from the peri...
There is overwhelming evidence that functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs) are associated with specific mechanisms that constitute important targets for personalized treatment. There are specific mechanisms in p...
This review covers recent advances in our knowledge of the role of a group of the most prominent neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the field of the immune reactions of the body. The neurotransmitters and neurom...