The authors thank Ling-Yan Hung for helpful comments on the manuscript.This work is supported by NSFC grant nos.11875109,12075110,and 11875159;the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2019YFA0308100);General Program of Science and Technology of Shanghai no.21ZR1406700;Fudan University Original Project(grant no.IDH1512092/009);Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2019SHZDZX01);Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2019ZT08C044);Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(KQTD20190929173815000 and JCYJ20200109140803865).Y.W.is grateful to the Hospitality of the Perimeter Institute during his visit,where the main part of this work was done.
Topological quantum computation(TQC)is one of the most striking architectures that can realize fault-tolerant quantum computers.In TQC,the logical space and the quantum gates are topologically protected,i.e.,robust ag...