不同包装方式对大米储藏品质及挥发性成分的影响  

Effects of Different Packages on Edible Quality and Volatile Components of Rice During Storage

作　　者：王立峰[1] 王红玲[1] 姚轶俊[1,2] 张怡一 陈静宜[1] 汪海峰[1] 石嘉怿[1] 鞠兴荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院/江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心/江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023 [2]江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第13期2576-2591,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0400201);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20141485);江苏省高校自然科学重大项目(15KJA550002);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：【目的】通过测定不同包装方式大米储藏过程中食用品质(质构品质、糊化特性)以及挥发性成分,判断大米品质的变化,为小包装(规格为10 cm×18 cm)大米保鲜技术提供数据支持和理论依据。【方法】以‘粳稻99号’为材料,将大米采用编织袋包装、自然密闭缺氧包装及抽真空包装3种方式,分别置于15℃、25℃和30℃(60%湿度)的环境下储藏180 d。每月对其食用品质和挥发性成分进行分析。【结果】随着储藏时间的延长,蒸煮米饭弹性、回复性逐渐下降,硬度、黏着性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且各项指标变化幅度较大。3种包装方式下大米消减值随储藏时间延长逐渐增大,崩解值呈现先增大后减小的趋势,大米热糊稳定性变差,容易老化。新鲜大米中挥发性成分共鉴定出41种,主要包括烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、有机酸类以及杂环类化合物等。醛类含量可以用来评价大米的食味和鲜度,储藏180 d后,编织袋包装的大米含量最高,占挥发性成分20%以上,自然密闭缺氧包装次之,抽真空包装醛类物质最少。2-戊基呋喃是亚油酸氧化产物,新鲜大米中2-戊基呋喃含量仅为0.30%,随着储藏时间延长,编织袋包装的大米2-戊基呋喃含量急剧上升。醛类及2-戊基呋喃含量受包装方式影响较大,3种包装方式对大米储藏保鲜效果的排序为:抽真空>自然密闭缺氧>编织袋,然而当储藏温度过高时,即使采用抽真空包装,大米储藏品质也发生了劣变。3种包装方式下2-戊基-呋喃每个时期均被检测出,编织袋、自然密闭缺氧、抽真空3种包装方式己醛含量分别为1.82%、1.55%、1.16%,壬醛含量分别为4.7%、3.94%、2.77%,2-戊基-呋喃含量分别为2.27%、1.85%、1.43%,由此可以推断编织袋包装的大米产生较明显的油脂氧化的异味,陈化最为严重,自然密闭缺氧次之,抽真空能有效延缓大米品质陈化的速率。【结论】大米�[Objective] To provide data support and a theoretical basis for small packaging rice preservation, rice was packaged in different ways. Edible quality （texture quality, pasting properties） and volatile components of rice were measured during storage, through judging the changes of rice quality, the suitable packaging method was used to carry on the preservation of rice. [ Method] In this study, ＂No. 99japonica rice＂ was used as the experimental materials. Rice were packaged in woven, natural airtight anoxia and vacuum and stored in artificial climate chamber at temperatures of 15℃, 25℃, 30℃ under 60% RH for 180 d. Edible quality and volatile components were analyzed per month. [Result] With the extension of storage time, the elasticity and recovery of cooking rice decreased gradually, and the hardness and adhesion showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The setback value increased gradually while the breakdown value first increased and then decreased, thermal paste stability became worse and easy to aging with the extension of storage time under three types of packing. There were 41 kinds of volatile compounds in fresh rice were detected, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, organic acids and heterocyclic compounds. The content of aldehydes could be used to evaluate the taste and freshness of rice. The content of aldehydes in rice by woven bag was the highest after 180 d of storage, which accounted for more than 20% of the volatile constituents, followed by natural airtight hypoxia packaging, and there was minimum content of aldehydes in rice by vacuum packaging. 2-pentyl furan was oxidation product of linoleic acid which was only 0.30% in flesh rice, however, the content rose sharply by woven bag with the extension of storage time. The contents of aldehydes and 2-pentyl furan were greatly influenced by packaging methods, the order of the preservation effect was vacuum〉natural sealed hypoxia〉woven bag. However, storage quality of rice had also deteriorati

关 键 词：大米 包装方式 糊化性质 蒸煮品质 挥发性成分 

分 类 号：TS206[轻工技术与工程—食品科学] TS213.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]