supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2022YFF0604905);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072264);the Zhengzhou Major Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2021KJZX0060-9);the Shanghai Automotive Industry Science and Technology De-velopment Foundation(Grant No.2213);the Tongji Zhongte Chair Professor Foundation(Grant No.000000375-2018082).
Tunnels on freeways,as one of the critical bottlenecks,frequently cause severe congestion and passenger delay.To solve the tunnel bottleneck problem,most of the existing research can be divided into two types.One is t...